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  • Home
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  • Counseling Services
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  • Get Started
    • FAQs
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  • Tele-Counseling
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Relationship Red Flags: Warning Signs Not to Ignore

3/10/2023

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Just like stop signs and red lights on the road, red flags are a sign to pump the brakes and assess the situation at hand. They can pop up in any kind of relationship, whether it's relatively new, strictly casual, or something more long-term. 

The tricky part: When you're swept up in love or lust, red flags can be easy to miss — or even ignore.

While there are some common red flags (think: jealousy, clinginess, and mismatched relationship goals), others may vary from person to person. 

But at what point is a red flag a deal-breaker? A deal-breaker is something that will immediately cause the relationship to end (for example, one partner wants to have children and the other doesn't), whereas red flags can sometimes — key word: sometimes — be resolved through communication.

The longer you let a red flag go on without discussing it with your partner, the more attached the other person might become. Even more important, the harder it might be to address your concerns to them in the future.

What Exactly is a Relationship Red Flag?
A red flag is a behavior trait or value that shows you the future incompatibility with a person. This can be anything from someone having a history of infidelity to conflicting lifestyles and beyond.

A red flag can also be a sign that the person you are involved with can't have a healthy relationship with you. If you were to pursue this relationship, it could be potentially psychologically, emotionally, and physically dangerous.

A red flag is basically a reason to either stop the relationship altogether or back away a little bit because it's a clue or a hint of an underlying issue.

Although most red flags can be easy to spot, people don’t always address them when they first appear — or even at all. And as soon as you have feelings, it’s really hard to turn away from a red flag, even though you’re like ‘I knew all along.’

But if red flags aren't addressed, they can become even more problematic since they don't go away on their own.

It's an opportunity for you to assess the situation and see if it's a dealbreaker or if it's something that can be worked through. Either way, you have a choice to make.

What to Do When You Notice a Red Flag
Communicate, communicate, communicate.

Communication is a big part of it, talking it out and even seeking professional help.

Getting outside help is important. In terms of social support, connect with friends and family to get their thoughts on your current situation. The important thing is to really listen to them and not defend the person you are seeing. The people around you are able to see things you may not see. Or you may see the same things, but choose to blind yourself from the red flags.

Relationship Red Flags to Look Out For

Inconsistent Behavior
One example is a partner that will text a lot and then go silent for a few days. That's inconsistent. If someone is interested in you and invested, they're going to show consistent behavior. The same goes for emotions, whether it's being very hot and cold or being very available or not available.

Verbal or Physical Abuse
Any form of violence or dangerous behavior is an immediate red flag. They can't channel their emotions properly in a healthy way. Disagreements are inevitable in any relationship, but if things escalate to any form of abuse — verbal, physical, mental, and/or emotional —it's important to remove yourself immediately.

Mismatched Relationship Goals
Many people believe their partner will change their goals in the future — but that's not always the case. People show you who they are — and what they want — pretty early on. If they say they want something casual at the very start, they usually mean that.

Excessive Jealousy
Trust is at the heart of any healthy relationship. So, if your partner showcases extreme jealousy, it might be a sign that they don't trust you. Aside from that, jealousy can also stem from your partner's own insecurities, which might make you feel bad about yourself as well. On some occasions, extreme jealousy could also be a sign of their own infidelity; there will project it onto you. If there are any trust issues, you have to decide if that's something that you want to manage in your relationship.

History of Infidelity
If a person has a history of cheating on someone else or on you, you may spend most of your time in the relationship worrying that it'll happen to you (possibly, again). Infidelity can also take a toll on your mental health and self-confidence, causing you to think you're not good enough for your partner.

Different Life Goals
It’s important to find someone that shares similar goals to yours, especially if you're pursuing a long-term relationship. While, in many ways, it's a good thing if your partner challenges you, having conflicting life goals might leave you unhappy in the long run. Watch out for misaligned goals like marriage or where you want to live or whether you want to have children or financial differences.

Substance Abuse
If you have a partner who regularly uses substances in excess, then they may have an addiction.

But while substance abuse can be a red flag, there are always situations where you can work through substance abuse issues. If your partner is willing to self-correct or get themselves into treatment, then there may be hope, but it’s on a case-by-case basis. It’s up to you to decide if it’s something you should stick around for, or if it’s something that wouldn’t be healthy for you in the long run.

No Effect to Know Your Family and Friends
Their distance from your loved ones might be an indicator that they don't value their own family or friends — both in the present moment and in the future. People who don't have any friends can become very clingy and co-dependent people to the person they are dating.

The Relationship Moves Too Fast
Sometimes, this may be mistaken for something positive, but you should question it if the other person is accelerating the relationship. It's possible that they don't have bad intentions, but it could also be a manipulation tactic, aka “love bombing.”

These situations tend to turn abusive and toxic. They're using that quickness and intensity to get you on board and gain your trust. They may act and say that they love you more than anyone else they have ever met. They will be charming and you may feel swept off your feet, but once you’re married, another side will start to show. A toxic side.

Controlling Behavior
A controlling partner doesn't trust you or the decisions you make. Be aware if your partner starts to limit your social interactions, setting restrictions on who you're allowed to see and when. Keeping you away from your friends and loved ones can be a safety concern and a blatant form of manipulation.

Being Secretive
Honesty and trust are the hallmarks of any healthy relationship. That said, if your partner keeps secrets from you or often beats around the bush, it may be a sign that they don't trust you enough to share what's really going on. Or, they may have dark secrets that you should know about, but they keep hidden. While some lies might not come off as too big of a deal, you should be wary if you feel like your partner frequently lies to you or doesn’t tell you the full story.

Gaslighting
Healthy conflict is one thing, twisting the truth is another. Gaslighting can be used by your partner to make you feel bad about yourself and hinder your self-esteem. If they’re doing things that make you feel insecure, that’s usually a red flag. If you notice your partner gaslighting you, address them and seek help. 

When you do not take heed to red flags, it can be disastrous. It’s important to take care of your full self physically, mentally, and emotionally. Both couples counseling and individual counseling can help you learn the tools you need to get through hard times.

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Holiday Grief: Your First December After the Death of a Loved One

12/7/2022

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Even during the best of times, the holidays can be exhausting and stressful. If you're facing the holidays after the death of a loved one, celebrating may be the furthest thing from your mind. In fact, you may wonder if you'll ever enjoy them again. However, by giving yourself permission to grieve, taking time for yourself and finding new ways to celebrate the holidays and the deceased, you can get through the holiday season.

The First Holiday After Loss
Don't be surprised if you feel your grief more acutely during a holiday (no matter what holiday), even if holidays weren't a big deal for you and your loved one. Witnessing everyone else getting together with family for holidays can trigger feelings of loss that you may have done a good job of ignoring so far. But some emotions can't be suppressed for long. Don't force yourself to take part in holiday celebrations if you don't feel ready; there is nothing wrong with declining invitations to protect your mental health as long as you don't stay secluded forever.

Christmas
Christmas is one of the biggest holidays in the Western world and therefore difficult to escape from while mourning the loss of a loved one. It's particularly important during this time of the year to listen to your emotions; if being with other people seems weird or too stressful, politely decline invitations. Don't allow friends and family (who probably feel as if they're helping you) force you to attend holiday events if you know in your heart you can't handle it yet. On the other hand, don't automatically assume that Christmas is going to be awful without your loved one. Open your heart and allow yourself to enjoy the season, if it's a season that typically brings you joy.

Hanukkah
Since Hanukkah is centered around finding hope in desperate situations, participating in Hanukkah observance is completely appropriate for someone who is grieving. Those grieving during this time are typically encouraged to seek out help from those around them as part of Hanukkah tradition. Take advantage of the community around you during this time as they will likely be receptive - but if Hanukkah gatherings prove too emotionally painful to observe, or if you observe the traditional 12 months of mourning, participating may feel wrong.

Holidays After the Loss of a Spouse
For couples who have been together for decades, losing a spouse can be as heartbreaking as it is life-changing. They often lose their best friend and the person who they’ve made joint decisions with for a good portion of their lives.


The Netflix revival of “The Gilmore Girls: A Year In the Life” addressed the shake-up that follows grief in the character of Emily Gilmore, a woman who lost her husband of 50 years just four months before the Christmas holiday. As the miniseries progressed, this side-plot followed the widowed Emily through arguments with her adult daughter, revising her husband’s headstone no less than four times, getting rid of half her belongings, battling depression, and ultimately, finding a new life after her husband’s death.

The portrayal is a poignant one, given that in the U.S. alone, there are 13.5 million widowed persons and 11 million of them are women. And while many widows lose a spouse, they also tend to lose 75% of their support system — including family and friends — often through self-isolation.

For widows who may have been grieving in solitude, the holidays can help them reconnect with their family and friends.

Tips for Widows and Widowers During the Holiday Season:
There is no absolute timeline for grief and moving on. Every person is different.

Embrace holiday traditions to remember your spouse. Or create brand new ones if it may be too painful to resume “normal” family activities.

Share stories about your spouse with family and friends. Yes, there is an empty place at the holiday table this year. But it was once occupied by a person who meant the world to you. The best way to honor his or her memory is to make sure younger generations of your family learn who they were. They may not be with you physically, but talking about them helps keep the memory of them alive.

Holidays After the Loss of a Parent
Whether you’re 18 or 48, the loss of a parent can make adult children feel lost and conflicted. You may be worried about your remaining parent and how he or she is coping with the loss of your spouse. You might throw yourself into projects to avoid facing your grief. And you may struggle with helping your own children deal with their feelings.

If it’s your first Christmas after losing a loved one, that holiday without Mom or Dad after their death may heighten your holiday grief. But there are ways to connect to your family during the holidays and find solace — and even new meaning — after the death of a parent.

Tips for Adult Children Coping with the Loss of a Parent During the Holidays:
If your parents used to host family dinners at their house, now may be the time to step up and host them at your place. If you have a grieving parent who isn’t coping well, starting a new tradition with your house as “home base” for family holidays may be helpful for everyone.

Enlist younger members of the family to help make the holiday dinner. This can bring multiple generations together in the kitchen and continue time-honored family traditions. It can also ease some of the burden on the adult child and their parent who may feel pressured to “put on a happy face” for the holidays and shoulder all of the responsibilities of holiday preparations.

You may find yourself frustrated with your remaining parent, or even feeling sad yourself. Don’t be afraid to ask for help and look to your own significant other, friends, or family for support and good cheer. Don’t ever feel guilty about enjoying the holidays, even when you’ve been faced with loss.

Holidays After the Loss of a Grandparent
Depending how young the littlest members of your family may be, they may not fully grasp the concept of death. While helping them understand why Grandma and Grandpa aren’t around anymore is a sensitive topic, children will certainly understand that their family members may be sad — even though it’s the holidays.

Tips for Helping Children Deal with the Loss of a Grandparent During the Holidays:
Give children the chance to talk about their feelings and what they remember and loved most about their grandparent. Younger members of the family may have vivid recollections of their grandparents and want to express themselves.

The family may or may not want to go as a group to “visit” Grandma or Grandpa at the cemetery and pay their respects during the holidays. It’s really up to your discretion whether you feel it may be comforting or creepy for your child to come along with the rest of the family to the cemetery. You know your child or grandchild best and what he or she may take from the experience. They may actually be happy to be included with the rest of the family.

Remember: Kids are still kids and it is the holiday season. Amid the bright holiday lights, new toys, they might not be grieving — nor should they be. While there is a time to remember loved ones, there is also a time to enjoy time with members of the family who are still here and make happy memories to last throughout their own lifetime.

Coping with the loss of a loved one during the holidays can be difficult. However, the holidays bring family together and there can be a lot of comfort in that. Your family may have several wonderful traditions you may want to continue

No Perfect Coping Mechanism
There is no cookie-cutter, approved method in dealing with grief on holidays. The first year following a death is a particularly raw time and there is no clear-cut plan to follow. Listen to your feelings, allow yourself to feel your emotions, and if you find your grief overwhelming seek help from a mental health professional; it's not unheard of for some people to only visit therapists during specific holidays or anniversaries. Talking it out may help you cope.

I am here to assist you with the tough times, not only in December, but other holidays that pass such as birthdays and anniversaries. Please contact me to schedule an appointment. I also host a widow’s group in Cumming, GA.









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10 Ways to Handle Stress in your Life

10/20/2022

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It should not be a big surprise that everyone gets stressed in life. We all go through difficult times and try to juggle too many things at once. You may find yourself begging for a break inside your head, but force yourself to push harder since it seems like you can’t find a break. We can’t escape stress in life. Just know you are not alone.

Here are 10 tools to help you reduce stress in your life and help you advocate for your own self care.

1. Know your signs.

How do you show stress? Some people get angry. Others find it hard to focus or make decisions. Some people feel worried or sad. Sometimes, stress can lead to headache, upset stomach, or trouble sleeping. Different people show different signs. Your signs of stress may be different from someone else’s.

2. Look at the causes.
What situations make you stressed? Your stress may be linked to your family, health or work. Keep in mind that stress is often caused by a change in your life—whether the change is good or bad. Marriage, divorce, parenting, losing a job, or even getting a promotion can all result in stress.


3. Build good coping skills.
Think about how you deal with situations that cause you stress. Smoking, drinking alcohol, or eating too much may feel good at the time. But they can cause more harm in the long run.


4. Know when to say "no."
Know your limits. Don’t take on more than you can handle. It’s okay to say “no” to something and you may even be empowered once you do it. The best part? You are putting self care first and taking care of your mental, emotional, and physical health.


5. Plan ahead.
Don’t let your to-do list get out of control. Think about your day and decide which tasks are most important. Do those first. Let other tasks drop to the end of your day, or even off your list. Everything is not top priority even if it feels like it. 


6. Create time to relax.
It’s not always easy, but it’s important to make time for you. Take a weekend getaway. Make time to read a good book. Listen to music. Or do something you enjoy. Some people find that practicing deep breathing can also help reduce stress.


7. Be active.
Exercise can help lower stress. It can be as simple as taking a quick walk, a bike ride, or a trip to the gym. Aim to get about two and a half hours of exercise a week. But ease into it. And talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise program.


8. Watch what you eat.
Eating good foods can also be good for stress. Healthy foods will help keep you energized and focused. Also, cut back on caffeine. You’ll feel more relaxed and will likely sleep better.


9. Talk to family and friends.
Sometimes, just talking with supportive people helps lower stress. That’s true even if the stressful situation doesn’t change. Also, spend less time with people who only add to your stress.
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10. Get help if you need it.
If your stress is too much to handle, talk to a mental health professional. Stress can lead to serious health issues. A counselor can provide support and additional tools to reduce stress in your life. 

If you are a resident in Georgia or Indiana, I provide counseling services in a safe and private setting to help bring healing to you on an individual level. Please contact me today to schedule an appointment.



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5 Ways You May Be Faking Happiness

10/13/2022

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While some TV shows, films, books—and even some people’s Facebook profiles—would gladly have you believe otherwise, being truly satisfied with your life can be an immensely difficult thing to achieve. In turn, this makes meeting such a goal more pressure-filled than it should be. For this reason, many people resort to faking happiness to those around them. How can you tell if you’re doing the same thing? Here are 5 ways that may suggest you're not as happy as you pretend to be on the outside.

#1: Mood Swings Have Become Normal For You
Do you easily switch between being joyful, lively, and excited to sadness, anger, or frustration? 

Experiencing mood swings doesn’t necessarily mean that you’re suffering from mental illness, such as bipolar disorder, but it may be helpful to notice whether this is a tendency for you. While being genuinely happy doesn’t mean you have to keep your mood up all the time (that's impossible anyway!), frequently going from one extreme to the other can be an indication that there are issues you may not be addressing properly.

#2: You Are Tired All Of The Time
It's normal to experience periods of stress when we feel more fatigued than usual. But if you’re tired all of the time, it can be a sign of a medical problem like diabetes or sleep apnea, psychological issues, or poor lifestyle choices.

But things are far less clear-cut when speaking about mental health. For example, fatigue is a common symptom for those struggling with anxiety or depression. If you find yourself constantly insisting that you’re fine and cheerful but truly you're exhausted, it could be a sign of something more.

#3: You Try Hard To Pretend Your Life is Great To Others
When you act like you’re content with your life just to make those around you jealous, your "happiness" may be a façade. For example, if you spend more than half of your vacation taking and editing photos for your social media accounts instead of soaking in your new surroundings, you might be doing it primarily to show your peers how much "better" your life is than theirs. Or, to prove you are equally as happy as they showcase themselves to be.

A recent study conducted at the University of Pittsburgh across 11 social media sites, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube, discovered that heavy users of these sites are far more likely to be lonely and unhappy than lighter users. In fact, their chances increase by 3 times if they visit these networks more than 58 times per week. In the settings of most phones, you are able to see how much time you spend on your phone and how many times you log into certain apps. You may be very surprised!

If your sole satisfaction in life comes from showing others how great life is and reading positive comments, you’re clearly missing the point. Promoting a false sense of superiority—or even equality—both online and offline is a clear indicator that you aren’t truly enjoying those seemingly “amazing” moments in your life. Also, remember that this is common, and the lives you see online also may be just a façade.

#4: You Are Totally Isolated from Others
It’s no secret that some individuals are more social than others. And there's nothing wrong with craving solo time. However, constantly making excuses to push people away can be a sign that you're faking your happiness and trying to avoid being called out on it.

People in this situation usually lie to themselves and insist that they’re better off on their own. If you frequently find yourself going down this road and using this exact reasoning or variations on it, you might need to press the reset button and start over. That sounds hard, but it doesn’t have to be.

Make an effort to make some new friends, or reconnect with those you've lost touch with. Studies even show that being socially isolated can damage our health in the long run. By challenging yourself to stay more connected to those around you, you can stop pretending to be happy, and start feeling genuinely satisfied instead. Putting yourself out there isn’t easy, but it’s worth it.

#5: You're Abusing Alcohol or Other Substances
Self-medicating behavioral patterns clearly indicate a deeper hidden issue. Coping with anxiety or other life issues through social drinking might imply the existence of a bigger problem. Sometimes, the people whom others see as the life of the party aren’t necessarily the happiest person in the room—in fact, they can be far from it.

Research on this topic has uncovered that the onset of illicit drug use and alcohol consumption among teens is linked to a co-occurring mental illness and can even be a symptom of it. Therefore, if you’re prone to overdoing it during your Friday-night outings, you might not be truly enjoying yourself, but instead medicating a hidden hurt.
Conclusion
Faking happiness isn’t always a sign of mental illness, but it can be. The important thing is to evaluate your life and figure out exactly why you're pretending. Who are you doing it for? Is there a deeper issue behind it? On top of that, think about the 5 signs mentioned above. How many of them have you checked off, and to what extent?

Coming up with viable answers to all of these questions is an important step in getting better. And if you feel like this is something you can’t handle yourself, don’t be afraid to reach out. The right person to help you can be anyone from a trusted friend or family member to a licensed therapist. I am here to help.

A counseling theorist once said, “Problems never exist in a pure state; there is always a human being attached to them." My commitment as a counselor is not to some kind of particular problem/issue, but to the total human being who brings along complex emotional linkages to what they consider are distressing events encountered in their daily living.

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Mental Health: The Danger in Self-Diagnosis

7/22/2022

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One of the major problems with online self-diagnosis is that it may prevent you from seeking actual help from a mental health professional. For example, someone may read a few web pages and diagnose themselves with an anxiety disorder. They read that Xanax is used to treat anxiety and panic attacks; therefore, Xanax can solve their problems. Some people will even come up with stories (ie: fear of flying) in order to “trick” their primary care doctors to prescribe it to them.

The fact is, many mental health conditions are not black and white. Only a professional knows what medication could safely help your unique case. Sometimes, medication is not needed at all and a therapist can assist you. The correct tool for mental illness is not always medication, but in certain circumstances, medication is advised. For a proper evaluation for medication, you will need to seek the expertise of a psychiatrist. 

Given the complexity in many diagnoses along with misinformation on the internet, someone can simply look up a few keywords and think they have a mental health diagnosis that may not be accurate. When someone clicks link after link about symptoms related to mental health it can quickly spiral into a vast array of either first-person experiences, or unreliable sources, which can lead to more confusion.

It’s important to remember that what is on the internet is not always written by a credible mental health professional or even a doctor. Each person is unique in their diagnosis. You should not be diagnosing yourselves, or even worse, treating yourselves when you are not 100% sure what is actually going on. Mental health conditions need professional attention, whether it’s in the form of therapy, medication, or both. Also, you should never try to buy psychiatric medication on the street or online — the only safe way to get medication is through a pharmacy.

You may even become overly frightened by what you read or, conversely, not seek help if you read something that says there is nothing to worry about. 

Googling Symptoms Can Create Hypochondriacs

While hypochondriacs (people with health anxiety who often believe that they have something seriously wrong with them) are most likely to be Googling their symptoms, their mental health is probably most at risk when searching for symptoms and self-diagnosing.

All this Googling can cause your thoughts to spiral into catastrophic thinking, worst case scenarios, and a vicious cycle of anxiety. Once you’re in the cycle, it can really be hard to stop. Even though you might originally find it soothing to look into your symptoms and find “answers,” it can backfire and make you more scared — maybe unnecessarily.

Remember that many mental health and physical health conditions have overlapping symptoms. And as mentioned earlier, mental health conditions especially are not black and white. Reading about symptoms that are more general than specific can easily lead someone to believe they have a particular mental health condition.

With the overwhelming amount of information available at our fingertips for someone who struggles with hypochondria or health anxiety to google something they are thinking or feeling physically or emotionally will likely overwhelm them with concerns about diagnoses they do not actually have while increasing their overall anxiety.

So, if you think you might have a mental health condition based on your online research, make an appointment with your general practitioner or a mental health professional to be thoroughly assessed.

How to Stop the Behavior

While it’s hard to break the habit, and you might not even want to break the habit, it’s not healthy to continue. The longer you look for health answers online, the harder it’ll be to break the cycle later.

Use a Distraction

Another technique to keep you from self-diagnosing is distraction. When you feel like searching up symptoms on Google, distract yourself by doing something else — going for a run, calling up a friend, watching some funny videos, whatever will get you out of your head.

Additionally, you may want to look at your behavior and dig a little deeper into your psyche. On a practical level, I would suggest asking yourself questions about what else you might be worried about. You may be manifesting that anxiety by Googling symptoms.

Talk to a Professional

If you’re having trouble limiting or stopping the behavior, you should strongly consider speaking with a mental health professional. Being able to openly discuss your concerns and fears with a therapist in a safe setting with reliable information can greatly decrease health anxiety and hypochondria symptoms. When these thoughts and feelings are spiraling around in your head it can be overwhelming, but when shared in a safe space with a therapist they can be sorted out together.

You don’t have to feel ashamed if you’re prone to Googling symptoms and self-diagnosing. Many people do it. You aren’t alone. However, we must realize that although the situation is common, it’s not healthy. Diagnosing ourselves (and others) can be dangerous. If you think you might be suffering from a mental health condition, don’t hesitate to reach out to a professional for a real diagnosis so you can get on the right path to feeling better immediately.

Getting Help

If you are a resident in Georgia or Indiana, I provide counseling services in a safe and private setting to help bring healing to you on an individual level. Please contact me today to schedule an appointment.
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When All Feels Lost: Grieving the Death of Your Spouse

4/25/2022

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The loss of a spouse is absolutely devastating and requires one of the biggest life adjustments you’ll ever have to make. Many therapists agree that this great loss and new identity can take at least three years to adjust to, and often much longer.

Losing a spouse is like losing half of yourself. When you get married — two become one — and when you lose that person, you are left with a huge void. This can be a traumatic event for many, especially the circumstances surrounding the death.

You are accustomed to someone’s continued presence, from morning coffee, to weekend getaways, and greeting them when they come home. You shared your daily life with your spouse. For quite a few people, your spouse is also your best friend. The person you can tell everything to, the one who understands you the most — from the best of you to the worst of you and everything in between. You have countless memories ranging from big events like the birth of a child to smaller, intimate ones like the way they caressed your face when they kissed you. 

Suddenly, they’re missing. It’s all missing. Everything that you’ve known for 5, 10, 20… 50 years or more is gone. The future dreams you had planned with them — all over. This leaves you feeling more emotions than you knew even existed. Crying until you’ve run out of tears as you sleep in the bed you once shared, and now one side is empty. 

You may be thinking about the “coulda, woulda, shoulda” surrounding their death and may even feel guilt around it. That’s perfectly natural and part of the grief process. Same with wanting to stay in bed all day long, having difficulty sleeping, a change in diet, isolation, depression, anxiety — and plenty more.
Because your spouse was a daily presence, you may find yourself preoccupied with thoughts and dreams of them. You may look for him or her in a crowd, or be sure that you just saw your spouse out of the corner of your eye. Some people keep re-experiencing the circumstances or events around their partner’s death. Others find themselves sticking to old routines: setting the table for two, reading something and turning to tell their spouse about it, picking up the phone to call him or her. All of this is natural and expected. 

On the other hand, some may do these things such as calling them just to hear their voice on the answering machine. Or sending a text, knowing there will not be a response. Talking to them even though they are no longer there. While this may make you feel a bit crazy, the root to this is the intense desire to feel as close as possible to them. Yet, at the end of the day, you find yourself trying to sleep in the bed you once shared and now one side is empty. 

One of the Biggest Challenges is Losing a Spouse is Loneliness

Because your spouse or partner was such a major part of your daily life, their loss is usually felt more immediately and for a longer length of time. Regardless of the tenure of your marriage or relationship, this is the person you made long-term plans with and chose to spend your life with. You valued their unique qualities, their humor or charm, their intellect, kindness or strength, and no one will ever take his or her place. As acute as your loss feels now, being alone doesn’t mean a lifetime of loneliness. It may be tempting to isolate yourself at this time, but reaching out to others for support is critical. You may be able to find a window’s group in your area. These groups can provide additional support and help you not feel alone as you navigate this new chapter of your life. Of course, therapy is a great option to have someone private to disclose all of your thoughts and feelings to. You can even find a therapist that does telehealth online if you still do not feel like leaving your house.

Finances Can be Another Challenge

If your spouse managed the finances and you’re unsure of where you stand, don’t be embarrassed or ashamed. In most households, one spouse — husband or wife — handles the day-to-day finances and there seems to be no reason to discuss the details. But when the death of a spouse comes suddenly and unexpectedly, the surviving partner is often left unprepared. 

Unfortunately, financial matters are often a challenge immediately after the death of a spouse, at a time when you feel least able to manage them. In addition to regular bills and credit cards, you may have hospice, funeral, and burial costs and more. You may have to sell the home you lived in with them which can cause additional trauma. Your spouse may not have had a will which leaves you with even more on your plate — all of which can feel overwhelming. Enlist a trusted family member, friend, or financial advisor to help you make sound decisions and stay on top of any financial obligations or decisions that need to be made. 

Additional Considerations for Seniors Now Widowed
The death of a spouse, and your resulting financial situation, may necessitate a change in your living situation. That type of decision is best pushed off for 6–12 months if at all possible; no major decisions should be made during the initial stages of grief. But for some seniors, the loss of a spouse can lead to the end of independent living. If your physical limitations meant you were dependent on your spouse’s support, this sudden shift from independence provides yet another reason to grieve. If you find yourself dealing with this situation, seek out others who have gone through a similar experience. If you are moving to an assisted living community, there are many peers and professionals who can help you through this period of adjustment.

There is HOPE: You Will Eventually Redefine Yourself and Your Life

You have gone from being a wife or husband to a widow or widower. These words feel harsh and confining, and it’s difficult but critical to ensure that the new title doesn’t define you. As time passes, you will regain your energy and your hope for the future, as distant or unreachable as that may feel right now.
When you’re coping with grief, it is both important and difficult to take care of yourself. Your loss may take away your energy, your appetite, and your emotional reserves. 

Another critical factor in healing from the loss of a spouse is the support of other people. Having your family, friends, grief counselor, and a community of others who have also experienced grief allows you to feel that someone else “gets it.” Being able to share your story or your feelings is vital to the healing process.

If you are local to Georgia or Indiana and would like to schedule an appointment with me to start your journey to healing from tragic loss in your life, please contact me to schedule an appointment.

IMPORTANT: If you are experiencing suicidal ideation (formation of thoughts, ideas, concepts about ending your life), immediately call 800-273-8255 and speak to someone at the National Suicide Prevention Hotline. They are available 24/7 and it’s free and confidential support for people in distress.

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Gaslighting in Relationships: 11 Signs of Emotional Abuse

11/28/2021

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What is gaslighting in relationships? How can you tell if you’re a victim of this manipulative form of emotional abuse?

Knowing the signs of gaslighting—whether you suspect your partner is gaslighting you or not—is important, because the signs can be quite subtle and difficult to pinpoint.

What is gaslighting in relationships?
Simply stated, gaslighting is emotional abuse and is a tactic used by batterers to control their partner. In essence, it is an attempt to make the other person question and doubt their own sanity.

It’s a very manipulative tactic that people use for their own gain. By making the other person feel and look crazy, the gaslighter manipulates the partner for their own personal gain or benefit.

Being able to distinguish between true gaslighting vs. a few negative behaviors or reactions from our partner is absolutely critical. It is very important that we make a distinction between:

1. Gaslighting as part of a larger picture of dominance, control, words, and “intimate terrorism.”
2. Behaviors from our partners that might be dismissing or discounting of our reality. 

Even several acts of dismissing or discounting perceptions or opinions may not necessarily be gaslighting. If it is true gaslighting then the behavior is a clear example of emotional and psychological abuse. One person is systematically and with harmful intent trying to make their partner go insane or seriously doubt their own grasp on reality. Gaslighting, in its original form, is usually a part of what we call characterological abuse.

Where did the word “gaslighting” come from?
The term ‘gaslighting’ came from the 1944 movie where a husband deliberately and systematically manipulated reality to make his wife mistrust her own sanity and perceptions in order to drive her crazy so he could take over her estate. There was clear and premeditated intent here to drive her over the edge. Today, that term is used much more loosely and is often used to denote when one person is making another person doubt their perceptions, knowledge, or opinions.

Why is gaslighting in relationships so harmful?

The key ingredient here is intent to control, manipulate, and subjugate one’s intimate partner.  If this is the case, then the perpetrator of gaslighting is acting sadistically—in other words, they are deliberately damaging someone’s psyche without any care for the consequences on the victim. This is what makes true gaslighting harmful in marriages.

Even when it is done on a one-time basis, gaslighting holds the potential to destroy trust between partners. For example, out of desperation, a person may gaslight their partner to cover up an affair or some other major betrayal. A one-time incident of gaslighting can totally destroy trust in the relationship because the partner who discovers they were gaslit, may be shocked that the perpetrator could do such a thing. Ultimately, they will not feel safe in the relationship, and this lack of safety makes it impossible for the marriage to continue without couples counseling.

Gaslighting is often used in tandem with other types of emotional and/or physical abuse. The abuser is attempting to control the other person and gaslighting can often be one tactic, but likely it is in combination with other types of emotional abuse—such as isolating the victim, making sure they don’t have access to their own money, making sure they are cut off from family and friends, and not allowing them to work. In this dynamic where gaslighting can be present, there is no partnership or equality.

What motivates partners to gaslight their significant other?
Sometimes partners who gaslight on a one-time basis or during a brief period in a relationship, find themselves caught up in a betrayal they never imagined would happen—like an affair or something financial. Such partners fear their partner will leave if they learn the truth and do not know how to approach their partner to own the betrayal and recover from it. However, when gaslighting is a pattern, the partner who gaslights typically has a very narcissistic or antisocial personality.

If gaslighting is part of a whole set of behaviors that are designed to control and dominate, then the motivation to gaslight comes from that larger purpose: to have power over another human being. Among characterologically abusive partners, one motivation might be “hostile dependency” (i.e. I am going to make you feel so crazy, weak, or unworthy that you won’t leave me because you will begin to believe no one can love you the way I do). Another type of abusive partner might have anti-social, or what is often called “malignant narcissistic” traits (i.e. “It is my way or the highway and I don’t care who I have to destroy to have my way.”)

Gaslighting is part of a system of battery, which is an attempt to control one’s partner. And while that effort to control may be out of fear of abandonment, or a deep need to keep their partner in their lives, they are going about it in a hurtful and abusive manner.

11 Signs of Gaslighting in Relationships
Here are some of the key signs of gaslighting in relationships:
  • You constantly question your reality—even on small things, like where you left your keys or what time you said you’d be somewhere.
  • You feel like you have no control over how you live your life—like not being able to do the dishes or laundry the way you like because your partner insists that things must be done their way.
  • You get shot down or called names whenever you express an opinion your partner doesn’t like—often leading to an irrational argument designed to confuse you and steal your peace of mind.
  • You question your self-worth—because your husband or wife is constantly putting you down or attacking your character.
  • You feel like your partner is toying with you or playing games—as if your partner gets satisfaction out of making you feel crazy or stupid.
  • You’re suspicious that your partner is betraying you—whether it’s by hiding their spending habits from you or actually having an affair.
  • You have no control over money—which is yet another way your gaslighting partner can manipulate you and control your behavior.
  • Your partner makes up flimsy excuses when confronted—giving you poor explanations that don’t make sense or can’t be verified.
  • You feel isolated from friends and family—because your spouse enlists support from others to make you feel crazy and alone.
  • Your partner never answers your questions directly—in fact, they’ll often deflect your concern by turning the focus around and attacking you instead.
  • You feel like you’re being watched at all times—often having to justify where you were and who you were with.

How to Tell if Your Partner is Gaslighting You: 4 Questions to Ask Yourself
Go beyond the specific signs of gaslighting in relationships and asking yourself these questions:

  1. Across the whole relationship, does my partner systematically and regularly control, manipulate, and try to reduce my self-worth or autonomy?
  2. Does the gaslighting become one of many ways in which I am made to feel I am stupid, crazy, or irrational and therefore not to be trusted or given rights within the relationship?
  3. When my partner discounts, dismisses. or mocks my perceptions and reality, does this go along with a host of other behaviors and incidents when my partner prevents me from making my own decisions, having authority over my own space, my children, my work, my money, or my friends and relatives?
  4. When I am told my perceptions and opinions are wrong or dumb, does it make me feel small and unworthy, and do I feel like this in a lot of different ways in this relationship?

Can relationships heal from gaslighting?
Partners may be able to recover the relationship through scheduling intensive couples counseling to help them to create transparency and restore a sense of safety in their relationship. If gaslighting is a major pattern in the relationship, be prepared for a challenge.

If the gaslighting partner is able to own their betrayal, express sincere remorse, and help create transparency and restore safety in the relationship, the partners are poised to discover why their relationship was vulnerable to betrayal and to build a better relationship. This is healing for both partners.

It’s also important to keep in mind that what one person calls gaslighting can often be their partner’s argumentative nature, their air of superiority, or their judgmental tendency. Many scientists, doctors, and other highly educated and skilled people have a hard time being humble in relationships or knowing how to have egalitarian relationships. They may not intend harm on purpose and are often surprised when their partners get angry and hurt by their remarks. In these situations, healing is indeed possible. 

When the person engaging in the gaslighting behavior is genuinely concerned about the impact they are having on their partner, are willing to look at their own contribution to the problem, and want to learn healthier ways of communicating in intimate relationships, then healing is possible and they have a good chance of building a flourishing relationship with the help of a relationship counselor.

If gaslighting is a pattern, then the perpetrator has to be open to very intensive individual therapy. It will take years to treat the personality disorder that led to this disturbing pattern of behavior. In the meantime, the couple will also need intensive couples therapy. In addition, the therapy may need to be supported by external measures that help ensure safety, such as polygraph tests. However, perpetrators generally are not receptive to participate in this type of treatment. This is why repair and recovery from gaslighting can be challenging—because the partner who needs long-term intensive treatment may not agree to it.

How to stay safe if you think you’re a victim of gaslighting:
Gaslighting is often a tactic used by abusers who are characterologically violent. With characterological violence, there is a clear victim and perpetrator—there is no admittance of wrongdoing on the abuser’s part and they often blame their partner for making them explode into violence. This is an unsafe dynamic.

Leaving an abusive relationship can be very dangerous. This is when a spike in violence can occur which is why a safety plan and a well-thought-out escape plan needs to be in place. Seek help if you are in this position, or even if you think you may be.

Contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 or visit them online.

Getting Help
If you are experiencing gaslighting in your relationship, or unsure if the behavior truly is gaslighting, I can help. I provide couples counseling services in a safe and private setting to not only provide tools and assistance to help heal your marriage, but to also bring healing to you on an individual level. Please contact me today: click here.

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How to Stop Worrying About Things You Cannot Change

7/17/2021

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The difficult truth is there are a huge number of factors we cannot control in life. This has been even more apparent than ever as our daily lives changed in ways we never thought possible in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. 

Stressing out about things you can't change isn't limited to coronavirus and global emergencies though - it's one of the main symptoms of anxiety. Most people feel anxious from time to time, but it tends to be a problem if:
- the worry is out of proportion to the stressful situation
- persists when the stress is over
- occurs when there isn't an obviously stressful situation

Anxiety often means worrying about things that are out of our control. The mind has the ability to catastrophize regardless of what's going on.

Why do I always imagine the worst?

If your mind always jumps to the worst-case scenario, you’re not alone. Anxiety would have been an advantageous trait when humans first emerged. Our ancestors needed to be primed for danger in order to survive and reproduce. We call this response 'fight or flight' - where a hormone called adrenaline is produced by the body. 

It was useful back then, in case you needed to run away from a saber-toothed tiger, but it's of less benefit in modern life where the threat isn't usually quite so obvious. Too much adrenaline can also cause physical symptoms such as a pounding heart, sweating, breathlessness, and panic attacks. Not the best symptoms to have if you’re in a meeting at work, or simply at home by yourself.

Look for evidence

There will always be periods of life that are more challenging than others. We don't have control of that, but we can choose to respond to a difficult situation in a more helpful way. Focusing on what might go wrong and the worst possible scenario can trap us in the negative thought loop, leading to feelings of hopelessness and fear.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be really helpful for those who find themselves struggling with spiraling negative thoughts. It aims to break problems down into more manageable chunks to stop you from getting overwhelmed.

CBT is about checking to see what's real. Ask yourself: do I have the evidence that this thought, this feeling, or this scenario is actually going to happen?

Focus on what you can control

While there's a lot we can't change in life, there are some things that we can influence. For instance, while we can't control the actions of others, we do have control over how we behave in response to them. 

You may not know how you're perceived by someone, but you can choose to show kindness towards them. Similarly, we may not know what's around the corner, but we can make sure we're looking after ourselves and following a healthy lifestyle so we're in the best position to help others if a challenging situation does occur.

When people feel overwhelmed by the lack of control, they have a choice in how they behave. You can either go towards the anxiety and the fear and get completely caught up in it, or you can choose to be more mindful about your reactions to things.

Stay away from social media

If you know certain things tend to trigger negative thoughts and anxiety spirals, it's best to take some time away from them. Constantly reading the news or checking social media may feel like a productive action because you convince yourself you're gaining useful information to help you prepare for disaster, but it may just be making you feel worse. Plus, a lot of misinformation circulates online. Try to limit yourself to checking trusted sources of news only one time per day for no more than 20 minutes if you're feeling overwhelmed.

If you're constantly fed negative messages and you have anxiety, that's terrifying because you will believe what you're seeing. You need to be able in some ways to remove yourself from that.

Bring it back to the present

We don't know what's going to happen in the future, so trying to focus on the present moment can really help with anxiety. Mindfulness is based on this principle. Paying moment-by-moment attention to what's happening in the now, rather than the past or future, can be incredibly therapeutic.

You haven't got the next moment and you haven't got the past, you've just got this moment. It's about asking: Am I safe right now? And if that's true for you at that moment, it's the truth.

Anyone can practice mindfulness. There are many good guides on YouTube or apps such as Headspace to introduce you to the basic techniques. But even a simple breathing exercise can help.

This is a simple exercise to slow the mind down and engage the senses:

  1. Firmly put your feet on the floor
  2. Name five things you can see
  3. Name four things you can hear
  4. Name three things you can touch
  5. Name two things you can smell
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Seek support

If your worries are affecting your daily life, you don't have to just put up with them. If you live in Georgia or Indiana, I would be happy to have a consultation with you as a start to assist you with living your best life. Contact me today!
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How to Heal from Past Childhood Trauma in Adulthood

5/25/2021

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The past doesn’t always stay where it should. 

If you experienced childhood trauma, the mental, emotional, and even physical issues you faced when you were little can still be present when you’re an adult.

Childhood trauma can leak into your adult life and affect personal and business relationships, but most of all - your happiness!

Sometimes it sneaks up on you and it can turn your life upside down. You ask yourself, “Why now?”

“Why now?” probably seems like the sixty-million dollar question. You’ve done your best to move on. Even successfully blocked it out most of the time.

But lately, you’ve started to feel anxious again. Sometimes on the verge of panic. Depressed feelings are beginning to take over. Maybe you even feel like withdrawing into a shell.

After all of these years, how can your childhood trauma still be unresolved? 

What is unresolved trauma?

When you’ve been traumatized as a child, it lives deep inside of you. You could even say it settles in your bones.
The memories, even if pushed away and not conscious, are etched into your symptoms, in your relationship struggles, and into your negative self-esteem.

Many traumatized children feel they’ve always been on their own and do the best they can to work things out for themselves.

The problem is, there’s only so much you can do all by yourself. That’s why the deepest effects of childhood trauma often go “unresolved.”

You might ask: “Even if I’ve had therapy?”

Not all therapists are the same, so it is important to work with one that has the tools to help you heal from childhood trauma. 

There is no “one-fits-all” template for working out unresolved childhood trauma. Each person has their own experiences and these have affected you in your own particular way.

The roots of your childhood trauma perpetuate symptoms that might go underground for a while, but not disappear entirely. Stress that causes an emotional upheaval, or an event that serves as too close a reminder of your earlier trauma, can put you back into the original experiences which quickly bring the symptoms back to the surface.

Why “the past” isn’t always the past.

Although your trauma is technically “in the past,” traumatizing experiences in childhood can’t be laid to rest until the ways they live on in your current experiences, symptoms, and relationships are deeply understood.

Freud said we have a “compulsion to repeat,” even if we try not to. That’s why you might find yourself in relationships that remind you of those that traumatized you in the past.

There are many different forms your symptoms or behaviors might take. Again, these are very individual to you. The important thing is: The past is never “just” the past.

Until you’ve had help working out exactly how the roots of your past are alive in the present, your childhood trauma can remain “unresolved.”

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What causes trauma in childhood?

Sometimes — as in physical or sexual abuse — trauma is quite obvious. But there are many kinds of childhood trauma that you might not identify as trauma at all.

Neglect is also traumatic, and so is the loss of a parent, a serious childhood illness, a learning disability that left you doubting yourself, too many siblings, a detached, emotionally unavailable, or anxious parent, even your parent’s own childhood trauma.

Maybe you experienced a combination of these.

Childhood neglect means that your emotional or physical needs were not attended to. This may be because your parents were overwhelmed and preoccupied.

Or because of the mental illness of one or both — making them expect you to be the “parent,” take care of the other kids, or do many more household chores than any child should.

Whatever was the cause, your needs for nurturing and care went unseen, were pushed aside, or were greatly resented. A child should never be exploited because of a parent’s needs.

A child’s emotional and physical needs should come first. If yours did not, you experienced neglect.

Losing a parent to death or abandonment early in your life is a trauma. No matter how nurtured you were by other relatives or your remaining parent, this kind of loss runs deep.

If your sadness wasn’t seen, heard, or allowed, then that loss lives on even more significantly inside you. You needed (or may still need) a chance to mourn.

You learned much too early that a needed loved one can suddenly go away or be taken away. You typically then grow up afraid of loss.

Even if you lost your parent in your early 20s, this is a vulnerable time. You may fear closeness because closeness and need signify possible loss.

Most unresolved childhood trauma affects self-esteem and creates anxiety.

Did you suffer a serious childhood illness? If so, you were likely isolated at home or hospitalized.

This meant being removed from normal social activities and you probably felt lonely, maybe even worried about being different.

Maybe now you feel less socially confident because of it and find yourself not sure where you fit in.

Hospitalization also means separation from parents, often traumatizing medical procedures, and fear. This can leave you with anxiety that persists.

If your attachments to your parents were secure and they were available and supportive, that helps. If not, you may now feel insecure in important relationships.

If you struggled to learn, had dyslexia, or ADHD, or any other learning problem, you likely felt different or compared yourself unfavorably to the other kids.

Learning problems are particularly difficult to live with if they went undiagnosed and you didn’t get sufficient help. Even very intelligent children end up thinking they aren’t smart at all.

This has a negative impact on your self-image. You might have tried very hard to do better, struggling against challenges you couldn’t control. Or maybe you gave in and gave up.

Either you are still too perfectionistic, trying always to please, but never feeling good enough, or you feel always behind and can’t get ahead.

Effects of learning problems can live with you, even if you think they’re all worked out.

Are you one in a family of many kids? Did it feel like there was never enough to go around? That’s often the case in families with a lot of children.

Resources are limited, especially if you were all born close together. Especially if your mother was tired, beleaguered, and preoccupied with the siblings that seemed to always need more.

Or, if you were the oldest — expected to care for the younger ones.

As loving as you might be convinced your family was (or maybe you didn’t feel that way at all), being a child among many siblings can be traumatic.

You might have felt lost among the many. Not seen or heard. Pushed aside, left out, and very much alone. This sibling situation can leave a child emotionally neglected and feeling unloved.
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​You might even feel you have to push your needs aside or be the giver in order to be loved. And you may live with deep hunger for the love you feel you can and never will find.

The effects of too many siblings are even more pronounced with a detached or unavailable mom.

An unreachable parent is traumatic. Children need to be seen, heard, held, emotionally embraced, and valued. The effects of waiting, watching, and longing to have your feelings heard can last a lifetime.

Maybe you’re wary of your needs and uncertain of being loved. And maybe you learned to stay distant yourself, not expecting much.

Perhaps you had an anxious parent. One that was afraid, expected catastrophe, hid away from people, and perhaps didn’t trust anyone or anything.

A parent’s anxiety can seep into a child’s pores and leave you traumatized, constantly worried, and living with the same kinds of anxieties your parent had, without even knowing it happened.

An emotionally detached or anxious parent was probably traumatized too.

There is definitely such a thing as transgenerational trauma.

If your mom or dad had a traumatic childhood and that trauma was also unresolved, it is passed down from parent to child, from unconscious mind to unconscious mind.

Children are vulnerable. You picked it up. You were affected too.

Parents that were traumatized live out their trauma. They often can’t be fully there for you or become identified with the abuser who abused them.

In instances where your mom or dad survived a horrific event, such as the Holocaust, the terror and unbearable losses can live like ghosts haunting both them and you.
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All these various sources of trauma live on if they are unresolved and all can affect you long into your adulthood — in their many ways and many forms.
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How does it affect you as an adult?

Childhood trauma can sometimes leak into your adult life because no matter how hard you’ve tried to go on, there is still a traumatized child living inside you.

If you haven’t had sufficient help or the right kind of therapy to work out your trauma, this child part of you still carries your trauma and suffering.

Maybe you don’t always feel it or know it’s there, but symptoms of your childhood trauma spill out when you’re stressed. Or when something in your life serves as a subtle or not-so-subtle reminder of what happened to you as a child.

Your childhood trauma lives in your symptoms. Depression. Panic attacks. An eating disorder. Obsessional worries, catastrophic anxieties, and relationship fears.

You might have difficulties trusting, low self-esteem, fears of being judged, constant attempts to please, outbursts of frustration, or social anxiety symptoms that won’t let up.

Can childhood trauma be healed?

Yes, unresolved childhood trauma can be healed. 
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Here’s how:
  • A therapist who understands the impact of childhood experiences on adult life, particularly traumatic ones. Have several consultations to see if you feel empathically understood. If not, continue looking.
  • A safe therapeutic space, one in which you can build trust is important.
  • All feelings need to be allowed, encouraged, and heard. Those feelings might be fear, terror, deep sadness, and anger.
  • Your therapy needs to unfold at your pace. You should not be pushed or judged or expected to move faster than you can.
A sensitive, kind, empathic response is what you need. The little traumatized child that still lives inside you has to feel safe and seen. Yet, empathy is not everything. You also need someone with experience and knowledge about childhood trauma and how it affects your life. Someone who sees the very specific effects on you.

You don’t have to live with the upsurge of symptoms that leak out under stress or unpleasant reminders. When you have this kind of therapy and can give yourself the time you need, you will heal from unresolved childhood trauma.
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If you are a resident of Georgia or Indiana, please contact me to learn more about my process and how together we can heal your childhood trauma.

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Do I Need Therapy for Fear and Phobias?

3/9/2021

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What Is Fear?
Fear is a natural, powerful, and primitive human emotion. It involves a universal biochemical response as well as a high individual emotional response. Fear alerts us to the presence of danger or the threat of harm, whether that danger is physical or psychological.

Sometimes fear stems from real threats, but it can also originate from imagined dangers. Fear can also be a symptom of some mental health conditions including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Fear is composed of two primary reactions to some type of perceived threat: biochemical and emotional.

Biochemical Reaction
Fear is a natural emotion and a survival mechanism. When we confront a perceived threat, our bodies respond in specific ways. Physical reactions to fear include sweating, increased heart rate, and high adrenaline levels that make us extremely alert.

This physical response is also known as the “fight or flight” response, with which your body prepares itself to either enter combat or run away. This biochemical reaction is likely an evolutionary development. It's an automatic response that is crucial to our survival.

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Emotional Response
The emotional response to fear, on the other hand, is highly personalized. Because fear involves some of the same chemical reactions in our brains that positive emotions like happiness and excitement do, feeling fear under certain circumstances can be seen as fun, like when you watch scary movies.

Some people are adrenaline seekers, thriving on extreme sports and other fear-inducing thrill situations. Others have a negative reaction to the feeling of fear, avoiding fear-inducing situations at all costs.

Although the physical reaction is the same, the experience of fear may be perceived as either positive or negative, depending on the person.

Symptoms
Fear often involves both physical and emotional symptoms. Each person may experience fear differently, but some of the common signs and symptoms include:

Chest pain
Chills
Dry mouth
Nausea
Rapid heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Trembling
Upset stomach

In addition to the physical symptoms of fear, people may experience psychological symptoms of being overwhelmed, upset, feeling out of control, or a sense of impending death.

Diagnosis
Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing persistent and excessive feelings of fear. Your doctor may conduct a physical exam and perform lab tests to ensure that your fear and anxiety are not linked to an underlying medical condition.

Your doctor will also ask questions about your symptoms including how long you've been having them, their intensity, and situations that tend to trigger them. Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may diagnose you with a type of anxiety disorder, such as a phobia.

Phobias
One aspect of anxiety disorders can be a tendency to develop a fear of fear. Where most people tend to experience fear only during a situation that is perceived as scary or threatening, those who live with anxiety disorders may become afraid that they will experience a fear response. They perceive their fear responses as negative and go out of their way to avoid those responses.

A phobia is a twisting of the normal fear response. The fear is directed toward an object or situation that does not present a real danger. Though you recognize that the fear is unreasonable, you can't help the reaction. Over time, the fear tends to worsen as the fear of fear response takes hold.


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How to Tell the Difference Between a Fear and a Phobia

Fear is incredibly complex. Some fears may be a result of experiences or trauma, while others may represent a fear of something else entirely, such as a loss of control. Still, other fears may occur because they cause physical symptoms, such as being afraid of heights because they make you feel dizzy and sick to your stomach.

Some common fear triggers include:

Certain specific objects or situations (spiders, snakes, heights, flying, etc)
Future events
Imagined events
Real environmental dangers
The unknown

Certain fears tend to be innate and may be evolutionarily influenced because they aid in survival. Others are learned and are connected to associations or traumatic experiences. 

Types

Some of the different types of anxiety disorders that are characterized by fear include:

Agoraphobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Separation anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobia
Social anxiety disorder
Misconceptions and Facts About Phobias
Treatment
Repeated exposure to similar situations leads to familiarity, which can dramatically reduce both the fear response. This approach forms the basis of some phobia treatments, which depend on slowly minimizing the fear response by making it feel familiar.

Phobia treatments that are based on the psychology of fear tend to focus on techniques like systematic desensitization and flooding. Both techniques work with your body’s physiological and psychological responses to reduce fear.

Systematic Desensitization
With systematic desensitization, you're gradually led through a series of exposure situations. For example, if you have a fear of snakes, you may spend the first session with your therapist talking about snakes. Slowly, over subsequent sessions, your therapist would lead you through looking at pictures of snakes, playing with toy snakes, and eventually handling a live snake. This is usually accompanied by learning and applying new coping techniques to manage the fear response.

Flooding
This is a type of exposure technique that can be quite successful. Flooding based on the premise that your phobia is a learned behavior and you need to unlearn it. With flooding, you are exposed to a vast quantity of the feared object or exposed to a feared situation for a prolonged amount of time in a safe, controlled environment until the fear diminishes. For instance, if you're afraid of planes, you'd go on up in one anyway.

The point is to get you past the overwhelming anxiety and potential panic to a place where you have to confront your fear and eventually realize that you're OK. This can help reinforce a positive reaction (you're not in danger) with a feared event (being in the sky on a plane), ultimately getting you past the fear.

While these treatments can be highly effective, it's important that such confrontational approaches be undertaken only with the guidance of a trained mental health professional.

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Coping
There are also steps that you can take to help cope with fear in day-to-day life. Such strategies focus on managing the physical, emotional, and behavioral effects of fear. Some things you can do include:

Get social support. Having supportive people in your life can help you manage your feelings of fear.

Practice mindfulness. While you cannot always prevent certain emotions, being mindful can help you manage them and replace negative thoughts with more helpful ones.

Use stress management techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and visualization.

Take care of your health. Eat well, get regular exercise, and get adequate sleep each night.

Fear is an important human emotion that can help protect you from danger and prepare you to take action, but it can also lead to longer-lasting feelings of anxiety. Findings ways to control your fear can help you better cope with these feelings and prevent anxiety from taking hold.

I’m here to help. Please contact me to schedule an appointment.

If you or a loved one are struggling with fears, phobias, or anxiety, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-4357 for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.

For more mental health resources, refer to the National Helpline Database.

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    DORICE NEIR
    M.Ed., M.A., L.P.C
    Dorice is a licensed therapist in Georgia and Indiana and owner of Pathways to Change LLC.

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